The central nervous system (CNS) is the centre of all neural activity. It integrates all incoming sensory information, performs all kinds of cognitive activities, and issues motor Brain scanning reveals that while some mental functions are distributed among different areas of the brain, many activities are localised also. For example, the occipital lobe of the brain is a specialised area for vision.
The CNS comprises (a) brain and (b) spinal cord. It is believed that the human brain has evolved over millions of years from the brains of lower animals, and this evolutionary process still continues. We can examine the levels of structures in the brain, from its earliest to the most recent form in the process of evolution. The limbic system, brain stem and cerebellum are the oldest structures, while Cerebral Cortex is the latest development in the course of evolution. An adult brain weighs about
1.36 kg and contains around 100 billion neurons. However, the most amazing thing about the brain is not its number of neurons but its ability to guide human behaviour and thought. The brain is organised into structures and regions that perform specific functions.
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